Anthropology of Violent Death

"About the editors, xiii About the contributors, xv Foreword, xix Preface, xxiii Series preface, xxvii Acknowledgments, xxix 1 The anthropology of violent death and the treatment of the bodies: an introduction, 1 Roberto C. Parra and Douglas H. Ubelaker 2 The posthumous dignity of dead persons, 1 Antoon De Baets 2.1 Introduction: generations and posthumous dignity, 15 2.2 The dead and posthumous dignity, 17 2.3 Evidence for posthumous dignity, 18 2.4 Duties flowing from posthumous dignity, 19 2.5 The nature of posthumous dignity, 23 2.6 Semantic debates about posthumous dignity, 25 2.7 Breaches of posthumous dignity, 26 2.8 Restoration of posthumous dignity, 28 2.9 Conclusion: the impact of posthumous dignity, 31 3 Continuing bonds and social memory: absence--presence, 39 Avril Maddrell 3.1 What are continuing bonds and how are they experienced and expressed?, 39 3.2 Continuing bonds and the well-being of mourners, 43 3.3 Implications for professional service providers, 46 4 The archaeology of disappearance, 49 Alfredo González-Ruibal 4.1 Introduction, 49 4.2 Disappearance and power: concealment, dispersal, and virtualization, 51 4.3 Material disappearance, human disappearance, 55 4.4 The disappearance of disappearance, 58 4.5 Concluding Remarks, 62 5 Bioarchaeology of violent death, 67 Anna Osterholtz, Debra Martin and Ryan Harrod 5.1 Introduction and background, 67 5.2 Categories of group-level violent death, 70 5.2.1 Bioarchaeology of Massacres, 70 5.3 Case studies illustrating integrative approaches to massacres in the past, 70 5.4 Differentiating between kratophanous violence and ritualized death, 77 5.5 Conclusions, 81 6 Destruction, mass violence, and human remains: Dealing with dead bodies as a ""total social phenomenon"", 91 Élisabeth Anstett 6.1 Introduction, 91 6.2 Understanding the forms taken by the Forensic Turn, and its effects, 93 6.3 Understanding the genealogy of professional practices of disinterment, 98 6.4 The blind spots of a total social phenomenon of great complexity, 102 6.5 Conclusion, 103 7 Kill, kill again and destroy: when death is not enough, 109 Roberto C. Parra, Digna M. Vigo-Corea and Pierre Perich 7.1 Introduction, 109 7.2 Dehumanizing, 111 7.3 When death is not enough, 114 7.4 Dismembering/mutilating: the perspective from culture, 121 7.5 Conclusions, 126 8 Mourning violent deaths and disappearances, 133 Antonius C. G. M. Robben 8.1 Introduction, 133 8.2 The conflictive mourning of the dead and missing after the First World War, 134 8.3 Enduring bonds of the living, the dead, and the disappeared in Argentina, 138 8.4 Oscillatory mourning of the dead and the disappeared by the bereaved, 142 8.5 Conclusion, 147 9 Whose humanitarianism, whose forensic anthropology?, 153 Jaymelee J. Kim and Adam Rosenblatt 9.1 Introduction, 153 9.2 Positionality of the authors, 155 9.3 Reconceptualizing violent deaths, 156 9.4 The dead as articipants in forensic anthropology, 158 9.5 What's missing from human rights, 166 9.6 The continued expansion of forensic anthropology, 169 10 Battlefields and killed in action: tombs of the unknown soldier and commemoration, 177 Laura Wittman 10.1 Introduction, 177 10.2 Tomb of the unknown soldier, 178 10.3 Mutilated victory, 182 10.4 As an Epilogue, 190 11 Mass grave protection and missing persons, 197 Melanie Klinkner 11.1 Introduction, 197 11.2 Missing persons in mass graves: a worldwide phenomenon, 198 11.3 The legal framework for mass grave protection, 201 11.4 Practicalities of protection, 208 11.5 Protection on a global scale, 210 11.6 Conclusion: the need to do better, 213 12 Respect for the dead under international law and Islamic law in armed conflicts, 219 Ahmed Al-Dawoody and Alexandra Ortiz Signoret 12.1 Introduction, 219 12.2 The Legal Framework, 220 12.3 Search for, Collect, and Evacuate the Dead without Adverse Distinction, 221 12.4 Identification and Recording of Information on the Dead, 224 12.5 Respecting the Dead and Dignified Treatment, 226 12.6 Respectful Disposal of the Dead, 229 12.7 Gravesites and Other Locations of Mortal Remains, 233 12.8 Exhumations, 234 12.9 Return of Human Remains and Personal Effects of the Dead, 236 12.10 Conclusion, 239 13 Unmaking forgotten mass graves and honorable burial: engaging with the spanish civil war legacy, 251 Francisco Ferrándiz 13.1 Overture, 251 13.2 On Funerary Militarism, 252 13.3 Franco's Militarist Imprint Under Siege, 256 13.4 Unmaking the Generalissimo's Burial, 262 13.5 Military disassemblage, 269 14 Dealing with bad death in post-conflict societies: forensic devices, burials of exhumed remains, and mourning processes in Peru, 277 Valérie Robin-Azevedo 14.1 Models for dealing with death: morphologies of ""good death"" and ""bad death"", 277 14.2 Contexts of mass violence through the lens of bad death, 278 14.3 Transitional justice, the forensic turn, and the ""dignified burial"": can we reverse bad death?, 280 14.4 From the necropolitics to the necrogovernamentality of the Peruvian state, 281 14.5 Exhumation of mass graves and the reactivation of bad death in the Andes, 284 14.6 The task of identification or the process of rehumanization of ill-treated bodies, 287 14.7 The uncertain dates and stretched time of bad death, 291 14.8 Body substitutes in the absence of any trace of remains, 293 14.9 Conclusion, 295 15 Migrant death and the ethics of visual documentation in forensic anthropology, 303 Krista E. Latham, Alyson J. O'Daniel and Tanya Ramos 15.1 Introduction, 303 15.2 Disciplinary ethics and social change: contextualizingforensic anthropology practices, 304 15.3 Methods and scope, 309 15.4 Making the case for a more socially aware practice of forensic anthropology, 318 15.5 Closing, 320 16 Bedeviling binaries: an integrated and dialectical approach to forensicanthropology in northern Uganda, 327 Tricia Redeker Hepner and Dawnie W. Steadman 16.1 Introduction, 327 16.2 Restless spirits and human remains in Acholiland, Uganda, 329 16.3 The integrated approach, 336 16.4 To excavate or not to excavate?, 340 16.5 Conclusion: from binary to dialectical relationships, 344 17 Guiding principles for the dignified management of the dead in humanitarian emergencies and to prevent them from becoming missing persons, 351 Stephen Cordner and Morris Tidball-Binz 17.1 Why the need for these principles?, 351 17.2 To whom are the guiding principles addressed?, 354 17.3 Setting the scene, 355 17.4 The preamble to the Guiding Principles, 360 17.5 The Guiding Principles, 362 17.6 The process of producing the Guiding Principles, 369 17.7 Conclusions, 369 18 Epilog: Anthropology of violent death and forensic humanitarian action, 375 Douglas H. Ubelaker and Roberto C. Parra 18.1 Humanity and its less violent reactions?, 375 18.2 Anthropology applied to forensic sciences and the notion of anthropology of violent death in the humanitarian context, 377 Note 382 References 383 Index, 385"