Intended for students and general readers alike, this encyclopedia covers the history of human medical experimentation, for better and worse, from the time of Hippocrates to the present.
Thanks to medical experiments performed on human subjects, we now have vaccines against smallpox, rabies, and polio. Yet the advances that saved lives too often involved the exploitation of vulnerable populations. Covering the history of human medical experimentation from the time of Hippocrates to today, this work will introduce readers to the topic through a mixture of essays and ready-reference materials. The book covers the experiments themselves; the people, companies, and government agencies that carried them out; the relevant medical and sociopolitical background; and the legislation and other protective measures that arose as a result.
The encyclopedia is divided chronologically into 6 periods: pre-19th century, the 19th century, the pre-World War II 20th century, the World War II era, the Cold War era, and the post-Cold War period to recent times. Each period begins with an introductory essay and ends with a bibliography. Alphabetically arranged entries in each section cover pertinent people, experiments, and topics. The volume is enriched throughout with a wealth of primary sources, such as physicians' descriptions of their experiments. Medical experiments are not just a thing of the past, and readers will also learn about questions and debates related to contemporary efforts to advance medical science.
Edited by:
Frances R. Frankenburg MD
Imprint: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions:
Height: 254mm,
Width: 178mm,
ISBN: 9798765120309
Pages: 344
Publication Date: 25 January 2024
Audience:
College/higher education
,
Primary & secondary/elementary & high school
,
Primary
,
Children's (6-12)
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active
Preface Introduction Era 1: Pre–19th Century Introduction Timeline Reference Entries Galen of Pergamon Harvey, William Hippocrates of Cos Hunter, John Jenner, Edward Lind, James Paré, Ambroise Santorio Sanctorius Smallpox Inoculation Transfusion Documents Ambroise Paré and the Treatment of Gunshot Wounds (1537) William Harvey and the Circulation of Blood (1628) James Lind's Scurvy Experiment (1747) Edward Jenner's Inoculation Experiment (1798) Further Reading Era 2: 19th Century Introduction Timeline Reference Entries Anesthesiology Beaumont, William, and Alexis St. Martin Beriberi Experiments in Japan Freud, Sigmund Haffkine, Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haldane, John Scott Halsted, William Stewart Hansen, Gerhard Armauer Hookworm Neisser, Albert Pasteur, Louis Sanarelli, Giuseppe Sims, J. Marion Venereal Disease Experiments Von Pettenkofer, Max Documents Inhumane Experimentation on African American Slaves (1855) Louis Pasteur and Rabies (1885) Further Reading Era 3: 20th Century to World War II Introduction Timeline Reference Entries Amoebic Dysentery Experiments at Bilibid Prison Beriberi Experiments in Malaya Carrel, Alexis Castle, William Elgin State Hospital Experiments Eugenics Forssmann, Werner German Medical Research Ethics Goldberger, Joseph Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson Insulin Insulin Coma Therapy Lobotomy Malariatherapy Rhoads, Cornelius Rockefeller, John D. San Quentin State Prison Experiments Seizure Therapy Strong, Richard Pearson Studies of Rickets and Scurvy Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis Yellow Fever Commission Documents William Osler and the Importance of Informed Consent (1907) Albert Leffingwell and the Cruelty of Vivisection (1916) The Tuskegee Experiments (1932) Further Reading Era 4: World War II Introduction Timeline Reference Entries American Experiments with Malaria Auschwitz Becker-Freyseng, Hermann Blome, Kurt Brandt, Karl Buchenwald Dachau Doctors' Trial Hofmann, Albert Mengele, Josef Minnesota Starvation Experiment Nuremberg Code Nutrition Research in Canada's Aboriginal Communities Oberheuser, Herta Ravensbrueck Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Experiments Unit 731 Documents The Activities of Unit 731 (1942) The Nuremberg Code (1948) Further Reading Era 5: Cold War Introduction Timeline Reference Entries American Bacterial Attacks on U.S. Cities Atomic Veterans Aversion Therapy in South Africa Beecher, Henry Belmont Report Boston Project Cameron, Donald Ewen Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CIA and Mind Control Declaration of Helsinki Development of Chlorpromazine Fernald State School Heart Surgery and Transplantation Irradiation of Prisoners' Testicles Katz, Jay Kligman, Albert Lawrence, Ernest and John Leary, Timothy Lexington Narcotic Farm Marshall, Barry Marshall Islands Operation Whitecoat Pappworth, Maurice Plutonium Experiments Polio Vaccine Trials Porton Down Project Coast Saenger, Eugene Sexually Transmitted Disease Experiments in Guatemala Southam, Chester Stanley, James Streptomycin Clinical Trial Thalidomide Uranium Miners Vanderbilt University Nutrition Experiments Vipeholm Hospital Experiment Willowbrook Hepatitis Experiments Documents Venereal Disease Experimentation in Guatemala (1947) Parental Notification of Nutrition Experiments at the Fernald State School (1953) Willowbrook Vaccination Experiment Letter for Parental Consent (1958) Further Reading Era 6: Post–Cold War to the Present Introduction Timeline Reference Entries Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Asthma Experiments at Johns Hopkins AZT Trials in the Third World Clinical Trials Commissions to Review Ethical Issues in Research Common Rule Gelsinger, Jesse Informed Consent Institutional Review Boards Professional Guinea Pigs Trovan in Nigeria Documents Radiation Experimentation Victims Act (1994) Problems Facing Institutional Review Boards (1998) Further Reading Conclusion About the Editor and Contributors Index
Frances R. Frankenburg, MD, is professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine and chief of inpatient psychiatry at the Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital in Bedford, MA.
Reviews for Human Medical Experimentation: From Smallpox Vaccines to Secret Government Programs
An interesting book on medical experimentation from pre-nineteenth century to the present. . . . The primary sources that the editor chose will be useful to researchers. . . This will be a useful addition to college and university libraries that have programs that require students to use original source material. * Booklist * Indeed, while intended as a reference book and jumping-off point for researchers interested in exploring the subject of human medical experimentation, this title makes for fascinating reading for laypeople as well. VERDICT For most public and academic libraries. * Library Journal * The book offers a comprehensive index system, scholarly contributions, and essential historical perspectives and summaries. . . . This captivating volume is recommended for public and academic libraries. * ARBAonline * The book is well written and informative, and it is not full of jargon that only a professional would understand. The entries are concise, and for the most part, objective, given the subject matter. I know of no other reference work, nor could I find any, covering medical experimentation on humans from its inception to present day since the majority are dedicated to a particular time period, person, or experiment, and none makes an attempt at objectivity. It is definitely a worthwhile addition for public and academic libraries. * Reference Reviews * Covers the topic with 122 entries from Galen of Pergamom (131 CE – circa 201 CE) through Trovan in Nigeria (1996-2009). The book also provides introductory, timeline and reference material. * Journal of Clinical Research *
- Winner of 2017 Best Reference Title 2018
