Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory Single volume reference providing procedural information for the destruction of a wide variety of hazardous chemicals
Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is a practical reference that describes procedures for the destruction of a comprehensive list of hazardous chemicals and provides general methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory without the need for exotic reagents and equipment.
Unlike most other sources on this subject, detailed reaction parameters are provided to readers. These details will help the reader decide if a procedure will be appropriate. To further aid in reader comprehension, numerous tables throughout the book allow for ready comparison of procedures.
Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory also describes the critical aspects of various protocols (e.g., UV lamp type and rate of ozone flow).
The updated fourth edition Includes an updated survey of the literature from 2012-2021 and features data mined from 1,500 papers. It also describes recent examples of methods that are generally applicable to organic compounds and greatly expands the section on methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory.
In this book, readers can expect to find detailed information on:
Specific methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, such as aflatoxins, butyllithium, complex metal hydrides, ethidium bromide, MPTP, nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory, such as those using ozone, persulfate, and potassium permanganate as well as photolytic degradation procedures
Procedures for drying organic solvents
A discussion of the issues concerning nitrosamine formation during the destruction process, particularly when sodium hypochlorite is used
A variety of indexes, including a general index, cross index of pharmaceuticals and destruction procedures, cross index of dyes and destruction procedures, and cross index of names for dyes and biological stains
Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is of immense value to researchers in the laboratory by enabling them to quickly and efficiently get rid of residual amounts of hazardous chemicals when a series of experiments has ended. The procedures in the text can also be incorporated into laboratory protocols.
Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Safety considerations 9 Nitrosamine Formation 12 Sodium Hypochlorite 15 Nickel–Aluminum Alloy 18 Potassium Permanganate 19 Specific Methods for the Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory 25 Acetonitrile 27 Acid Halides and Anhydrides 31 Aflatoxins 35 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 43 Alkali Metal Alkoxides 47 Anatoxin-A 49 Aromatic Amines 53 Arsenic 61 Azides 65 Azo and Azoxy Compounds and Tetrazenes 73 Boron Trifluoride and Inorganic Fluorides 79 Botulinum Toxins 83 Brevetoxins 87 Butyllithium 91 Calcium Carbide 95 Carbamic Acid Esters 97 Carbofuran 101 Chloromethylsilanes and Silicon Tetrachloride 103 N-Chlorosuccinimide and Chloramine-T 105 Chlorosulfonic Acid 107 Chromium(VI) 109 Citrinin 115 Complex Metal Hydrides 123 Cyanides and Cyanogen Bromide 129 Cylindrospermopsin 137 Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate 141 Dimethyl Sulfate and Related Compounds 149 Dyes and Biological Stains 161 Ethidium Bromide 195 Haloethers 203 Halogenated Compounds 207 Halogens 223 Heavy Metals 227 Hexamethylphosphoramide 233 Hydrazines 235 Hypochlorites 247 Mercury 251 2-Methylaziridine 257 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 261 Microcystins 265 4-Nitrobiphenyl 275 3-Nitrofluoranthene and 3-Aminofluoranthene 277 Nitrogen Tetroxide 281 N-Nitroso Compounds: Nitrosamides 283 N-Nitroso Compounds: Nitrosamines 295 Ochratoxin A 307 Okadaic Acid 315 Organic nitriles 319 Osmium tetroxide 321 Palytoxin 323 Patulin 327 Peracids 333 Perchlorates 335 Peroxides and Hydroperoxides 339 Phenol 343 Phosgene 347 Phosphorus and Phosphorus Pentoxide 351 Picric Acid 355 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 357 Polycyclic Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons 367 Potassium Permanganate 381 β-Propiolactone 383 Protease Inhibitors 385 Ricin 389 Saxitoxin 393 Selenium Compounds 397 Sodium Amide 399 Sterigmatocystin 401 Sulfonyl Fluoride Enzyme Inhibitors 407 Sulfur-Containing Compounds 413 T-2 Toxin and Other Tricothecenes 419 Tetrodotoxin 425 Triacetone Triperoxide 429 Uranyl Compounds 433 Destruction of Pharmaceuticals 437 General Considerations 439 Potassium Permanganate 451 Nickel–Aluminum Alloy Reduction 467 Fenton Reaction 473 Hydrogen Peroxide 479 Ozone 481 Ferrate 497 Persulfate 505 Hydrogen Peroxide and Horseradish Peroxidase 513 Specific Degradation Procedures for ß-Lactams 515 Decontamination of Aqueous Solutions 517 Miscellaneous Chemical Degradation Procedures 523 General Considerations for Photolytic Procedures 535 Photolysis Without Added Reactants (UV Only) 537 Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/H2O2) 555 Photo-Fenton Reaction 573 Photolysis with Titanium Dioxide (UV/TiO2) 589 Photolysis with Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO) 605 Photolysis with Ozone (UV/O3) 609 Photolysis with Persulfate (UV/Persulfate) 615 Photolysis with Chlorine (UV/Cl2) 631 Miscellaneous Photolytic Procedures (UV/Miscellaneous) 643 Procedures Classified by Method 649 General Considerations 651 Potassium Permanganate 655 Fenton Reaction 659 Ozone 667 Persulfate 677 Miscellaneous Procedures 683 Photolysis Without Added Reactants (UV only) 691 Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/H2O2) 697 Photo-Fenton Reaction 707 Photolysis with Titanium Dioxide (UV/TiO2) 715 Photolysis with Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO) 727 Photolysis with Ozone (UV/O3) 735 Photolysis with Persulfate (UV/Persulfate) 741 Photolysis with Chlorine (UV/Cl2) 747 Biologicals 751 Appendixes 777 Appendix I: Procedures for Drying Organic Solvents 779 Appendix II: Safety Considerations With Potassium Permanganate 783 Cross-Index of Names for Dyes and Biological Stains 791 Cross-Index of Methods Used for Specific Dyes and Biological Stains 813 Cross-Index of Methods Used for Pharmaceuticals 817 Name Index 837
George Lunn, Ph.D., has been working as a review chemist for the FDA’s Office of Pharmaceutical Quality since 1996. Previously he was a senior research scientist in the Environmental Control and Research Program at the NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center. Eric B. Sansone, Ph.D., was the director of the Environmental Control and Research Program at the NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center until his retirement.
