Urology

Preface vi Acknowledgements vii Part 1 Meet the patient 1 Assessment of the urological patient: History and examination 3 2 Assessment of the urological patient: Urinalysis_and imaging 17 Part 2 The kidneys and adrenal gland 3 The kidney: Embryology, developmental errors and cystic disease 33 4 Kidney trauma 45 5 Kidney infections and inflammation 50 6 Urinary tract calculi 58 7 Kidney neoplasms 73 8 The renal pelvis and ureter 92 9 The adrenal gland 110 Part 3 The bladder and urethra 10 The bladder: Structure, function and investigations 117 11 Bladder infections and inflammation 128 12 Disorders of bladder function 134 13 Bladder cancer 150 Part 4 The prostate gland 14 Benign disorders of the prostate gland 169 15 Prostate cancer 185 Part 5 Male genitalia 16 The urethra 209 17 The penis 228 18 The testicle 245 19 Male infertility 270 Part 6 Additional therapeutic modalities 20 Radiotherapy 281 21 Minimally invasive urology 285 Appendix A: ECOG performance status 294 Appendix B: TNM classification of malignant tumours 295 Appendix C: Response evaluation criteria in solid tumours 297 Appendix D: The Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications 300 Appendix E: Adverse effects of cancer treatment 302 Appendix F: Urinary catheters 303 Appendix G: Evidence_based medicine 308 Multiple choice questions 309 Answers 315 Index 321